| Citation: |
Jun Peng, Xianhui Yi, Ling Fan, Jiang Zhou, Bingan Lu. Molecular extension engineering constructing long-chain organic elastomeric interphase towards stable potassium storage[J]. Energy Lab, 2023, 1(2): 220014. doi: 10.54227/elab.20220014
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Molecular extension engineering constructing long-chain organic elastomeric interphase towards stable potassium storage
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Abstract
Electrolytes are critical for achieving high performance potassium ion batteries (PIBs) because of their ability to modulate the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). However, the compositions of SEI in conventional electrolytes are either anion-derived inorganic-rich compounds or solvent molecule-derived short-chain organic-rich compounds. These SEI are generally inelastic and cannot effectively relieve the stress changes caused by volume changes during the charge/discharge processes. Here, we constructed long-chain organic-rich SEI (LO-SEI) with high elasticity by introducing a green and harmless long-chain solvent of dicaprylyl carbonate (DCC), thus greatly improving the performance of PIBs. As a result, a long stability of more than 1500 cycles (86.7% capacity retention) for graphite half-cells and more than 3700 hours for K||K symmetric cells are achieved. In addition, the elastomeric LO-SEI-based full cell is capable of stable operating for more than 130 cycles (84.3% capacity retention). This work may open new ideas for constructing long-chain elastic interphases to achieve high-performance batteries.
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References
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Jun Peng, Xianhui Yi, Ling Fan, Jiang Zhou, Bingan Lu. Molecular extension engineering constructing long-chain organic elastomeric interphase towards stable potassium storage[J]. Energy Lab, 2023, 1(2): 220014. doi: 10.54227/elab.20220014
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Figure 1.
a Molecular design to grow a range of products with terminal substituents and to regulate the solvation properties of solvent molecules. The small picture shows the comparison before and after applying the hand with DCC solvent. SEI morphology on graphite anode and solvation structure of b conventional and c long-chain electrolytes. d Schematic diagram of the effect of long-chain organic molecules on the elasticity of SEI.
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Figure 2.
a The schematic diagram of three kinds of SEI for K metal anode. b Comparison of the performance of 1 M KFSI in EC/DEC and 1 M KFSI in EC/DCC electrolytes for symmetric K||K cells at a current density of 0.05 mA cm−2. Charge/discharge voltage profile of graphite anode in c 1 M KFSI in EC/DCC and d 1 M KFSI in EC/DEC electrolytes. e Comparison of cycling performance, concentration and capacity retention between graphite electrodes with different electrolytes cycles (TEP is triethyl phosphate, DME means 1,2-dimethoxyethane and DEE stands for 1,2-diethoxyethane). f Cycling performance of K||graphite cells with Coulombic efficiency with five different electrolytes at a current density of 100 mA g−1.
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Figure 3.
XPS analysis of graphite electrode after 5 cycles with initial graphite and three kinds of electrolytes (1 M KFSI in EC/DCC, 1 M KFSI in EC/DEC, 3 M KFSI in EC/DEC). a Full survey XPS. b K 2p + C 1s XPS. c S 2p XPS. d O 1s XPS. Characterizations of the SEI formed on graphite electrodes with two different electrolytes after 20 cycles. Graphite after 10 cycles for AFM stress test of e 3 M KFSI in EC/DCC, f 1 M KFSI in EC/DEC and g 1 M KFSI in EC/DCC. TEM images of graphite cathodes after 10 cycles in h 1 M KFSI in EC/DCC and i 1 M KFSI in EC/DEC electrolytes. The yellow dashed lines indicate partial SEI.
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Figure 4.
a Charge/discharge voltage profile of PTCDI cathode in 1 M KFSI in EC/DCC electrolyte. b Cycling performance of K||PTCDI cell at a current density of 100 mA g−1. c Normalized charge/discharge profiles of full and half cells based on graphite anodes and PTCDI cathodes. d Charge/discharge profiles of different cycles and lighted signs lit by full batteries. e Cycling performance of a full cell at 80 mA g−1. f Comparison of the properties and performances of the 1 M KFSI in EC/DCC and EC/DEC electrolytes.
